chroot stands for change root and is a function on Unix systems to change the root directory. It only affects the current process and its child processes. "chroot" itself can refer to both the chroot system call and the chroot utility. A program that has been "rooted" to a directory and has no open file descriptors outside the root virtual directory will no longer be able to access files outside … [Read more...]
Windows vs. Linux: Which is the Best OS?
Are you searching for a new PC to purchase? Do you plan to change your present operating system? Two of the most popular OSes available today are Windows and Linux, but which one is better? Mac is a different world since Apple restricts the hardware and also supplies some productivity apps for Mac that are not available for a Linux PC. There’s no single answer for the best OS as it depends on your … [Read more...]
Fail2Ban Log Analysis Bash Script For Report Generation
Previously we gave some complicated commands to our readers who use Fail2Ban and needs some checking. Other way was using BadIPs for creation of graph. Fail2Ban log analysis bash script is for report generation as list of attacker IPs, banned, unbanned, password attempts sorted by date, country. We written this easy script using various commands and we think it is useful to any sysadmin to quickly … [Read more...]
Install GoAccess Real-Time Web Log Analyzer : Apache, Ubuntu
Previously we published GoAccess guides for Nginx and Nginx log with GeoIP. Here in this guide we will show how to install GoAccess real-time web log analyzer for Apache webserver running on Ubuntu and in case of Apache you need not to separately work on how to enable Apache log to have GeoIP enabled features. Apache default log itself a standard format. Install GoAccess Real-Time … [Read more...]
How To Configure OCSP Stapling On Apache 2.4+
Previously we talked about OCSP, OCSP Stapling and OCSP Stapling on Nginx. Now, we will configure OCSP Stapling In Apache 2.4 It is important to avoid some settings of OCSP Stapling on a production website as it can give errors like OCSP Response Expired or just in case of Nginx 502. Here is how to configure OCSP Stapling on Apache 2.4+ with full configuration. These are among TLS optimisazion. In … [Read more...]
Install, Configure Advanced Policy Firewall (AFP) On Ubuntu 16.04
If you are a new user, you should not follow this guide for production sever but follow our basic server setup guide and IPTables guide to configure your firewall. New users can follow this guide with test/development servers. Advanced Policy Firewall is an iptables based firewall. Here is how to install, configure Advanced Policy Firewall (AFP) on Ubuntu 16.04. It is essentially an interface to … [Read more...]
List Of Anti Malware For GNU/Linux Server
We noticed that we need to deliver guides around some known things which are possibly not known to the new users. Somehow, many we missed talking about them since the year 2010. Anti Malware is not a fully correct phrase for Linux but the meaning is obvious. Here is a usable list of Anti-malware for GNU/Linux server. Malware is a program that aims to disrupt the normal operation of a server. … [Read more...]
Why No Output From Ubuntu 16.04 service start/stop Command?
Service nginx reload/restart Gives No Output Unlike 14.01. Is not it? This Article Explains Why No Output From Ubuntu 16.04 service start/stop Command. We should not be expecting such output. Earlier Ubuntu versions didn't behave this way because Ubuntu was an upstart system for a decade. In Ubuntu 15.04 and later version, systemd is only fully supported. So, that change from upstart to systemd … [Read more...]
What is Load Average in GNU/Linux?
If We Run Top Command, We Can See a Parameter Load Average. What is Load Average in GNU/Linux? Why we need to know this load average for a server? Often the visitors search on our website with the search phrase what is load Average in Linux, the right word is GNU/Linux not Linux. Linux is the Linux Kernel. The GNU softwares like awk is the GNU part, the another free software part is Linux. It is … [Read more...]
Must Know GNU/Linux Commands For the SSH Users
Here Are Some Must Know GNU/Linux Commands For the SSH Users Who Are Relatively Newer and Primarily Managing Own Servers to Run their Websites. Obviously, they are System Admin; but we guess they need some kind help! Usually we use Nginx, PHP5-FPM, MariaDB/MySQL setup (or LEMP setup) to run WordPress, so basically you need not know huge number of commands at the beginning. Also there are some … [Read more...]
awk Command : Examples for SSH
Here are Some awk Command Examples for SSH, Possibly the Most Commonly Used Command Line Interface for Many of the Webmasters and Developers. Previously, we published this kind of brief guide on some of the frequently used GNU/Linux commands like echo, unix pipeline or this can be a better example - combining unix pipeline with grep, cut commands. As the title of this article says, our examples … [Read more...]