Two-factor authentication (2FA) refers to the proof of identity of a user by means of a combination of two different and, in particular, independent components (factors). Typical examples are bank card and PIN for ATMs, fingerprint and access code in buildings, or passphrase and transaction number (TAN) for online banking. Two-factor authentication is a special case of multi-factor … [Read more...]
How Trojan Horses Get Distributed
A Trojan horse is a computer program that is disguised as a useful application, but performs another function in the background without the user's knowledge. Trojan horses are among the unwanted or harmful programs, the so-called malware. The term is often used colloquially as a synonym for computer viruses and as a generic term for backdoors and rootkits, but must be clearly distinguished from … [Read more...]
What is Mobile Malware?
Mobile phone malware is a special case of conventional malware that attacks mobile phones or smartphones. This can be a virus, a worm or a Trojan. However, this term does not include special SMS messages that exploit a bug on the target system, e.g. to cause it to crash. The first worm for Symbian mobile phones, called Cabir (also known as Caribe), has been added to the list of virus … [Read more...]
HIPAA and Fax Encryption: How To Safeguard Patient Information In Transit
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) establishes the standards for protecting sensitive patient health information. It mandates that healthcare organizations implement effective measures to ensure that protected health information (PHI) is kept confidential and secure throughout its handling. Faxing remains a widely used method for sharing PHI between healthcare … [Read more...]
Trends and Impact of Darknet Trading
A darknet market is a virtual marketplace that operates away from the open internet in the darknet. Please read our first article on darknet market to know the basics. The presentation and user interface of darknet marketplaces are generally professionally executed and similar to those of other virtual marketplaces such as eBay or Amazon. In principle, each account is provided with a coin … [Read more...]
Basics of One-Time Password
A one-time password is a password used for authentication or authorization. Each one-time password is valid for a single use only and cannot be used a second time. Accordingly, each authentication or authorization requires a new one-time password. It is safe against passive attacks, i.e. eavesdropping. Replay attacks are also impossible. One-time passwords do not help against the man-in-the-middle … [Read more...]
Measures to Protect Against DNS Spoofing
Measures to protect against DNS spoofing are either aimed at including more random information in the DNS message that the attacker has to guess or protecting the message with cryptographic techniques. Since the Kaminsky attack became known, all common name servers have been using source port randomization. In addition to the transaction number, the source port of a DNS request in the UDP header … [Read more...]
How Do I Make My Samsung S24 Ultra More Secure?
Generally, it is taken for granted that the Android Operating System has poor security because Google (who develops the Android operating system) is primarily an advertising company. Building a secure operating system demands years of working knowledge about security. The use Android Operating System carelessly can breach your privacy and may become a source of data leaks. Since the days of the … [Read more...]
What is End-to-end Encryption
End-to-end encryption (E2EE) is the encryption of transmitted data across all transmission stations. Only the communication partners (the respective endpoints of the communication) can decrypt the message. When using symmetric encryption, the key to ensure end-to-end encryption must only be known to the end communication partners. When using asymmetric encryption, it must be ensured that the … [Read more...]
Basics of BitTorrent
BitTorrent is a collaborative file-sharing protocol that is particularly suitable for the rapid distribution of large amounts of data and was designed and first published in 2001. In contrast to other file-sharing techniques, BitTorrent does not rely on an overarching file-sharing network, but builds a decentralized distribution network for each file. Technically, the protocol is assigned to … [Read more...]
What Are the Types of Anonymizer (Anonymity on the Internet)
An anonymizer is a system that helps users maintain their anonymity on the Internet, especially on the World Wide Web. They are intended to help maintain data protection and data security when surfing. In their function, they are similar to remailers, which are used to anonymize emails. Simple Anonymizers An anonymizer is used as a so-called proxy or a virtual private network … [Read more...]