Skimming is a term for a man-in-the-middle attack that illegally spies on the data of credit cards or bank cards for credit card fraud. "Skimming is the illegal process of obtaining card data by reading data from magnetic stripes and copying it onto counterfeit cards." The counterfeit card is then used to withdraw or pay at the expense of the legitimate cardholder.   How ATM Skimming … [Read more...]

An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current into alternating voltage. In addition to rectifiers, DC converters and converters, inverters form a subgroup of power converters. Depending on the application, inverters generate either a single-phase or multi-phase output current or a single- or multi-phase output voltage. The efficiency of semiconductor-based devices can reach up … [Read more...]

Rapid prototyping is the umbrella term for various processes for the rapid production of sample components based on the design data. Most rapid prototyping processes – except, for example, polyamide casting – can be attributed to additive manufacturing or .dem 3D printing because they work with layer-by-layer material application and without the use of a mold. Rapid prototyping refers to the type … [Read more...]

In technology, a prototype represents a functional test model of a planned product or component for the respective purposes, but often also simplified. It can only correspond to the end product from a purely external point of view or also from a technical point of view. A prototype often serves as a preparation for serial production, but can also be planned as a one-off piece that is only intended … [Read more...]

Software protection dongle or copy protection plugs, also known as dongles, or hardware keys, are used to protect software from unauthorized copying. For example, the software comes with a copy protection plug that is plugged into an interface of the computer (parallel port, USB, etc.). The "donated" software then checks once or regularly whether the copy protection plug is present during use, and … [Read more...]

Laser engraving is the process of marking of objects with the help of an intense laser beam. In contrast to laser printing, in which a weak laser beam is only used to control the pigment application on the printed material, laser marking changes the labeled material itself. The process and the energy input therefore depend on the material. Laser markings are waterproof and smudge-proof and very … [Read more...]

An index node is the basic data structure used to manage file systems running Unix-like operating systems. Each inode is uniquely identified within a file system by its inode number. Each name entry in a directory refers to exactly one inode. This contains the metadata of the file and refers to the data of the file or the file list of the directory. The application software no longer … [Read more...]