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You are here:Home » Securing FTP Tutorial : Part 1

By Abhishek Ghosh January 12, 2017 8:47 am Updated on January 12, 2017

Securing FTP Tutorial : Part 1

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In case you are relatively new around server administration or security, we will suggest to read the IPTables series – IPTables Basics Tutorial Part 1, IPTables Basics Tutorial Part 2, IPTables Basics Tutorial Part 3. Otherwise it will be meaningless to secure only FTP. Securing FTP Tutorial is an Important Series of Guide to Secure Your Cloud Server or Virtual Server. This guide is not for dedicated server. We tried to keep the guide as easy as possible.

 

Securing FTP Tutorial : After Our IPTables Guide

 

After reading our iptables Basics tutorials, your port 21 is already closed. FTP used port 21 by default and port 22 can be used by SCP. We already changed settings on /etc/ssh/sshd_config file in those tutorial to disallow root access. For one user, Factually if you use Fail2Ban rules for FTP to restrict number of attempts, it becomes difficult to get inside the server. Our FTP port it already closed. It utilises the SSH protocol and, as a result, it works easily when connecting to a remote Unix machine. We can see /var/log/messages file for log for the attempts of ftp@ip.a.d.re.ss. But not always people want SSH username and FTP username same. Rather want to restrict FTP user.

Securing FTP Tutorial - Part 1

 

Securing FTP Tutorial : Part 1

 

First we need to install openssh-server id not installed :

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sudo apt-get install openssh-server

We are creating a new group named ftpaccess for the FTP users :

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sudo groupadd ftpaccess

Add user named example-change to the group :

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sudo useradd -m example-change -g ftpaccess -s /usr/sbin/nologin

password :

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sudo passwd example-change

Now how the added SFTP user “example-change” can also access the website’s directory like /var/www/html via SFTP?
Use the following commands when /var/www/html/ is the directory where your website files are :

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sudo chown root /home/example-change
mkdir /home/example-change/ftp/www_html
sudo chown example-change:ftpaccess /home/example-change/ftp/www_html
mount --bind /var/www/html/ /home/example-change/ftp/www_html
sudo nano /etc/fstab

and then added the following line to that fstab:

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/var/www/html   /home/example-change/ftp/www_html    none    bind    0       0

Now open /etc/ssh/sshd_config file :

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nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

You’ll find a line on that file :

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Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server

comment the above line and add these lines at the end of the file (or make sure that the lines are not already present on the file) :

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Subsystem sftp internal-sftp
Match group ftpaccess
ChrootDirectory %h
X11Forwarding no
AllowTcpForwarding no
ForceCommand internal-sftp

Restart sshd service :

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sudo service ssh restart

Now, we can install a software named VsFTPD to manage FTP stuffs more strictly :

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apt-get install vsftpd
nano /etc/vsftpd.conf

Some lines on /etc/vsftpd.conf should be like this :

/etc/vsftpd.conf
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write_enable=YES
local_umask=022
chroot_local_user=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
pasv_enable=Yes
pasv_min_port=40000
pasv_max_port=40100

Restart vsftpd :

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service vsftpd restart

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Abhishek Ghosh

About Abhishek Ghosh

Abhishek Ghosh is a Businessman, Surgeon, Author and Blogger. You can keep touch with him on Twitter - @AbhishekCTRL.

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