A nonce is a word, a string of letters or numbers that is intended for use only once. In the past, nonce stood for a word that would soon be replaced by something better. In cryptography, a nonce is a random or pseudo-random number generated for a specific purpose and used only once within a cryptographic protocol or system. Nonces serve multiple purposes, including ensuring uniqueness, preventing … [Read more...]
Computer and Internet
Computer and Internet is catchall section of core computing categories including Cloud Computing, Digital Photography, Virtualization, Networking, Protocols and Others' which are not otherwise more subcategorized. Here also you will get unique articles and news on computer hardware, Software, Networking and Protocols.
What is U2F (Universal Second Factor) of Security Tokens
U2F (Universal Second Factor) is an industry standard for general-purpose two-factor authentication, based on adapted challenge-response authentication. In addition to an access password, it is used to prove access authorization, for example for web-based services, and can also be used in combination with digital personal documents to establish identity. The U2F specifications were developed by … [Read more...]
How Iris Recognition Works
Iris recognition is a method of biometrics for the purpose of authenticating or identifying individuals. For this purpose, images of the iris of the eye are taken with special cameras, the characteristic features of the respective iris are identified using algorithmic methods, converted into a set of numerical values (feature vector, or "template") and stored for recognition by a classification … [Read more...]
Factors Influencing Profitability From Crypto Mining
Crypto mining is the process by which new cryptocurrency coins are created and transactions are verified and added to the blockchain ledger. Miners use powerful computers to solve complex mathematical puzzles, known as proof-of-work (PoW) algorithms, in exchange for rewards in the form of newly minted coins and transaction fees. Popular cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin rely on … [Read more...]
What is a Replay Attack?
A replay attack is a crypto-analytical form of attack on the authenticity of data in a communication protocol. In this case, the attacker sends previously recorded data to simulate a foreign identity, for example. Suppose Alice wants to prove her identity to Bob. They both know Alice's secret password. Alice calculates the hash value of her password using a cryptographic hash function and sends it … [Read more...]
Crypto Mining Hardware: Present Situation
As the cryptocurrency landscape evolves and matures, so too does the technology that drives it forward. In 2024, crypto mining hardware stands at the forefront of innovation, boasting advancements in efficiency, performance, and sustainability. Over the past decade, crypto mining hardware has undergone a remarkable evolution, transitioning from CPUs to GPUs, and ultimately to specialized ASICs … [Read more...]
Basics About Dash (cryptocurrency)
Dash (Digital Cash), initially (2014–2015) also known as XCoin or Darkcoin, is an open-source peer-to-peer cryptocurrency that offers functionalities comparable to Bitcoin, but also beyond. Special attention is paid to data protection. For example, with Dash, unlike other cryptocurrencies, transaction information is not public; this is made possible by the PrivateSend (formerly Darksend) system. … [Read more...]
Security Token Service Vs OAuth
In the realm of identity and access management (IAM), security token service (STS) and OAuth are two widely used authentication protocols that facilitate secure access to resources across distributed systems. While both protocols serve similar purposes, they differ in their architectures, capabilities, and use cases. In this article, we'll explore the intricacies of security token service (STS) … [Read more...]
What is Security Token Market?
In the ever-evolving landscape of financial markets, security tokens have emerged as a transformative innovation, offering new avenues for capital formation, investment, and asset tokenization. The security token market represents a burgeoning ecosystem where traditional finance intersects with blockchain technology, enabling the digitization and fractionalization of real-world … [Read more...]
What is Challenge-Response Authentication
The challenge-response procedure is a secure authentication procedure of a participant based on knowledge. Here, one participant sets a task (challenge) that the other has to solve (response) in order to prove that he knows a certain piece of information (common secret) without transmitting this information himself. This is a protection against the password being eavesdropped on by attackers on … [Read more...]
What is a Rainbow Table (for password cracking)?
Rainbow Tables are used in password recovery, IT forensics, penetration testing, and password cracking. The Rainbow Table is a data structure that enables a fast, memory-efficient search for the original string (usually a password) for a given hash value. Searching via a rainbow table is considerably faster than using the brute force method, but the memory requirement is higher. Such a trade-off … [Read more...]