Whois is a protocol that can be used to query information about Internet domains and IP addresses and their owners ("registrants") from a distributed database system. Since its inception, Whois queries have been carried out primarily via the command line. Since corresponding client software was not available for all common operating systems, web-based frontends became established early on. Despite … [Read more...]
How Browser Fingerprinting (Tracking Technique) Works
Fingerprinting is a user tracking technique. It is used to uniquely identify and track end devices and thus users. It has been or is used in various devices, such as typewriters, quartz watches in computers, digital cameras, mobile phones and PCs. The method does not require physical access to the device. In particular, the data generated by web browsers is used for fingerprinting, this is known … [Read more...]
How Invisible Internet Project (I2P) Works
I2P (Invisible Internet Project) is an encrypted, anonymous, pseudonymous and decentralized serverless computer network distributed worldwide. I2P is based on free software and aims to provide a simple transfer layer with the benefit of anonymity and privacy, security from attacks, and resistance to censorship for various application software. I2P enables an anonymous, encrypted, and … [Read more...]
How Onion Routing Works
Onion routing is a technique for achieving anonymity on the Internet. Here, the web content is routed over constantly changing routes of several mixes, which are also called nodes in this context. These are each a kind of encrypting proxy server. As a result, the true identity of the person requesting the data remains anonymous to the web server on the other side, and not even the operators of the … [Read more...]
Solar Cell Materials – An Overview
A solar cell (photovoltaic cell) is an electrical component that converts radiant energy, usually sunlight, directly into electrical energy. The application of the solar cell is photovoltaics, where it serves as a power source. The physical basis of the conversion is the photovoltaic effect, which is a special case of the internal photoelectric effect. There are many different cell types, which … [Read more...]
Technology Behind Supercapacitors
Supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors, are electrochemical capacitors and, as such, a further development of the Electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC). Compared to batteries of the same weight, supercapacitors have only about 10% of their energy density, but their power density is about ten to a hundred times greater. Supercapacitors can therefore be charged and discharged much … [Read more...]
Operation of Solar Inverters
Solar inverter refers to a special type of inverter that converts the DC voltage of the solar cells into alternating voltage and is optimized for operation with solar modules. This inverter is part of a photovoltaic system and has the task of feeding the electrical energy generated into the power grid. On the input side to the solar cells, there is usually a DC converter with a maximum power … [Read more...]
Types of Cracks (Software)
A crack is a copy of a computer program in which a copy protection provided by the manufacturer has been removed. Cracking is the activity of analyzing a computer program (usually by disassembling) in order to remove copy protection. A crack is a copyright infringement. Most commercial applications prohibit the modification of the software or the process of disassembly in their license terms. In … [Read more...]
What is User-Generated Content (UGC)
User-generated content (UGC) refers to media content that is not created by the provider of a media channel, but by its users. Originally, the term comes from web publishing and new media content production circles. In the 1970s and 1980s, all content and information was checked by gatekeepers such as newspaper editors and publishers before it was published. Today, thanks to new technologies, … [Read more...]
What is Inductive Coupling
Inductive coupling is the mutual magnetic influence of two or more spatially adjacent electrical circuits by electromagnetic induction as a result of a change in the magnetic flux. Counter-induction is the basis of some technical devices (such as the transformer), but it can also be a very undesirable effect (such as in the field of electromagnetic compatibility). One parameter that describes this … [Read more...]
What is Virtual Marketplace
A virtual marketplace, also known as an electronic marketplace (EMP), is a term used in the field of e-business. It represents a virtual place/market space within a higher-level data network within which virtual business transactions are carried out, which can be supported by the marketplace operator (as a third party) at any stage of the coordination process with the help of information-oriented … [Read more...]