An SSH Pre-login message can deliver a legal warning to unauthorized users. If the response after typing root@ip.address displays only the password: field, then an attacker's advocate in the court may argue that we have not warned his/her innocent client. Of course, you must enable a Passwordless SSH Login method whenever possible, even add a Bastion host for login purpose. But, we can not use … [Read more...]
General
Explanation of different terms used for computer hardware, computer software and in the Internet.
Set Up Email with mSMTP on Ubuntu 22.04 Server
This is a sendmail emulator system which delivers email from a local computer to an SMTP server. This method avoids the usage of cloud-based transactional email subscriptions. This is useful if you already using a paid tier of Outlook Gmail or Zoho for your domain. In other words, you'll get domain-branded, whitelisted email from your server to your mailbox. Normally we need server cron and … [Read more...]
Application Protection Methods
Some protection methods can't/shouldn't prevent copying at all, but try to make it pointless. These include password prompts, serial numbers, dongles (without a dongle, the copy won't work; sometimes even some of the program code is stored on the dongle), hardware-based licenses for software (these contain data from the computer to which they are intended to apply as a method of protection; this … [Read more...]
What is Content Filter
A content filter is a program that is used to filter certain unwanted content (e.g. data, images, audio files, ...) before it can pass from one network to another. That's why a content filter is usually located at the interface to the input of the network and controls the data coming into the network before it can get into the network part accessible to the users. These content filters are … [Read more...]
What is the Role of ChatGPT in Chatbots
ChatGPT is a chatbot that uses artificial intelligence to communicate with users through text-based messages and images. It uses modern machine learning technology to generate responses that sound natural and are meant to be relevant to the conversation. The chatbot was trained in several phases. It is based on the GPT-3.5 language model (GPT stands for Generative Pre-trained Transformer), … [Read more...]
Benefits of Unsupervised Learning
Unsupervised learning refers to machine learning without pre-determined targets and without any reward from the environment. The machine learning tries to recognize patterns in the input data that deviate from the structureless noise. An artificial neural network is based on the similarity to the input values and adapts the weights accordingly. There are several things that can be learned. … [Read more...]
What is Meant by Doxing?
Doxing is internet-based collection and subsequent publication of personal data, typically with malicious intent against the data subjects. To some extent, this also goes hand in hand with the identification of anonymous persons. The reasons for doxing can vary in nature, including vigilante justice, public shaming, and harassment. People affected by doxing are often exposed to follow-up attacks, … [Read more...]
How Affiliate Marketing Works
Affiliate systems are internet-based sales systems in which a merchant or advertiser usually offers commissions to its affiliates or publishers. The product provider provides advertising material that the affiliate uses on its websites or can use via other channels such as keyword advertising or email marketing. Affiliate systems are based on the principle of referral commission. The technical … [Read more...]
16 Bit FLAC Versus 320 Kbps MP3: Which is Better?
Our readers mostly have a Mid-Fi system. They commonly use their flagship smartphone (such as Samsung S22 Ultra, S23 Ultra or iPhone 15), a flagship portable DAC (such as FiiO FiiO KA5 or equivalent DAC from Astell & Kern), uses PowerAmp, own few IEM and headphones which includes: HiFiman RE 400 Tin HiFi P1 Max Moondrop Aria HiFiMan Sundara Sennheiser HD 600 Generally, they … [Read more...]
Basic Details of (Ogg) Vorbis Audio Format
Vorbis (Ogg Vorbis in the corresponding container format) is a free audio format for lossy audio data reduction. The format was developed by the Xiph.Org Foundation as a patent-free alternative to the widely used MP3 format. The adaptability of the format was designed to allow for decades of use. Vorbis can be encoded with both variable and constant bitrates between (average) 32 and 448 kbit/s. … [Read more...]
What is Ogg Container File Format (Music)
The development of the Ogg container format is led by the Xiph.Org Foundation, which is also responsible for development of FLAC, Vorbis and many other codecs. Ogg is actually only the container format for the Vorbis-encoded content. Ogg container file format can contain audio, video, and text data at the same time. Ogg was designed to provide a free and unrestricted alternative to proprietary … [Read more...]